单词：

1. allocate - 分配，拨出
2. antagonize - 使对抗，使敌对
3. authentic - 真实的，可信的
4. coherent - 连贯的，一致的
5. collaborate - 合作，协作
6. compile - 编译，汇编
7. consolidate - 巩固，加强
8. contemplate - 沉思，考虑
9. contribute - 贡献，捐献
10. credibility - 可信性，可靠性
11. definitive - 决定性的，最后的
12. disguise - 伪装，掩饰
13. divert - 转移，分散
14. eliminate - 消除，淘汰
15. enforce - 执行，实施
16. enhance - 提高，加强
17. flawless - 完美的，无瑕疵的
18. flourish - 繁荣，兴旺
19. forbid - 禁止，不许
20. formulate - 构想，制定
21. gratitude - 感激，感谢
22. implement - 实施，执行
23. indispensable - 不可或缺的，必需的
24. inefficient - 无效率的，低效的
25. infrastructure - 基础设施
26. instinctive - 本能的，直觉的
27. integrate - 整合，融合
28. legitimate - 合法的，合理的
29. manipulate - 操纵，控制
30. mitigation - 缓和，减轻

短语：

1. be affiliated with - 隶属于
2. bring about - 导致，引起
3. carry out - 执行，实施
4. come across - 偶然遇见
5. come up with - 提出，想出
6. draw on - 利用，借鉴
7. end up - 最终成为，以…告终
8. fall apart - 崩溃，瓦解
9. figure out - 弄清楚，理解
10. focus on - 专注于，集中于
11. get rid of - 摆脱，去除
12. go through - 经历，仔细检查
13. keep up with - 跟上，保持同步
14. look forward to - 期待，盼望
15. make sense - 有道理，讲得通
16. make up for - 弥补，补偿
17. pay attention to - 注意，留意
18. put off - 推迟，拖延
19. rely on - 依赖，依靠
20. run into - 偶然遇到，碰到
21. set up - 建立，设立
22. show up - 出现，露面
23. stick to - 坚持，遵守
24. take advantage of - 利用，占便宜
25. take into account - 考虑，顾及
26. turn out - 结果是，证明是
27. work out - 解决，锻炼
28. deal with - 处理，应对
29. make up - 组成，构成
30. step down - 辞职，退位

长难句及翻译：

1. The company’s decision to diversify its product line was driven by the need to remain competitive in an increasingly saturated market, where consumer preferences were constantly shifting.

翻译: 公司决定多样化其产品线，是为了在日益饱和的市场中保持竞争力，在这个市场中，消费者的偏好不断变化。

解析: 句中“was driven by...”引出原因，“where consumer preferences...”为定语从句，修饰“market”。

2. Despite the initial skepticism, the new technology has proven to be highly effective, reducing production costs by nearly 20% and increasing overall efficiency.

翻译: 尽管最初存在怀疑，这项新技术已被证明非常有效，生产成本减少了近20%，整体效率提高了。

解析: 让步状语从句“Despite the initial skepticism”引出背景，主句为“the new technology has proven to be...”。

3. As the population continues to grow and urbanization accelerates, cities around the world are facing unprecedented challenges in terms of infrastructure, housing, and public services.

翻译: 随着人口持续增长和城市化加速，世界各地的城市在基础设施、住房和公共服务方面面临前所未有的挑战。

解析: 句首“As the population continues to grow...”提供背景，“cities around the world...”为主句，后接的“in terms of...”表示具体方面。

4. The proposal, which aims to promote sustainable development, has been met with both enthusiasm and criticism from various stakeholders.

翻译: 旨在促进可持续发展的提案受到了各方利益相关者的热情支持和批评。

解析: 主句“The proposal...has been met with...”描述结果，中间的“which aims to...”为定语从句，修饰“proposal”。

5. Although the economic outlook remains uncertain, many investors are optimistic about the long-term prospects of the renewable energy sector.

翻译: 尽管经济前景仍然不确定，许多投资者对可再生能源领域的长期前景持乐观态度。

解析: 句首“Although...”引出让步状语，主句“many investors are optimistic...”表达主要内容。

6. The debate over the effectiveness of online education has intensified in recent years, with some arguing that it provides greater access to education, while others believe it lacks the personal interaction essential to learning.

翻译: 近年来，关于在线教育有效性的辩论愈演愈烈，有些人认为它提供了更广泛的教育机会，而另一些人则认为它缺乏学习所必需的人际互动。

解析: 句中“with some arguing that...”为伴随状语，表述支持观点，“while others believe...”引出对立观点。

7. By investing in renewable energy sources and reducing dependency on fossil fuels, countries can not only mitigate the effects of climate change but also secure their energy future.

翻译: 通过投资可再生能源并减少对化石燃料的依赖，国家不仅可以缓解气候变化的影响，还能确保其能源未来。

解析: 句首“By investing in...”引出方式状语，“countries can not only...but also...”为主句，表达国家通过措施实现的两个结果。

8. The research indicates that there is a significant correlation between early childhood education and later academic achievement, underscoring the importance of investing in early learning programs.

翻译: 研究表明，幼儿教育与后来的学业成就之间存在显著相关性，这突显了投资于早期教育项目的重要性。

解析: 主句“The research indicates that...”引出宾语从句“there is a significant correlation...”，后接的“underscoring the importance of...”为现在分词短语，进一步强调结果。

9. While technological advancements have greatly improved our quality of life, they have also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the potential loss of jobs due to automation.

翻译: 虽然技术进步极大地改善了我们的生活质量，但也引发了对隐私、安全以及自动化可能导致失业的担忧。

解析: 句首“While...”引出让步状语从句，主句为“they have also raised concerns...”，表述技术进步带来的负面影响。

10. The study's findings suggest that dietary habits formed in childhood can have long-lasting effects on health, which highlights the importance of promoting healthy eating from an early age.

• 翻译: 研究结果表明，童年时期形成的饮食习惯对健康有着长期影响，这凸显了从小推广健康饮食的重要性。
• 解析: 主句“The study's findings suggest that...”引出宾语从句“dietary habits formed in childhood...”，后面的“which highlights...”为定语从句，修饰整个前面的内容。